Assessments

=Tips for Assessing Student Learning Using Blackboard= toc
 * 1) The online assessment tools of Blackboard can be utilized to facilitate meaningful and memorable learning activities for students. These online assessment tools include: surveys, test, quizzes, and electronic submission of assignments. What are the most efficient and effective uses of the Blackboard assessment tools? What recommendations exist for reinforcing academic integrity and providing meaningful feedback?

Below is a list of tips and recommended best practices for assessing student learning using Blackboard. Please feel free to add your tip(s) to the list!

General Online Assessment Tips
> When developing online assessments in Blackboard, it is important to consider the security of the exam and to make every effort to remove opportunities for students to cheat. Blackboard does not inherently prevent students from printing the questions of an exam or copying and pasting the questions to word processing application for printing. > Your students may or may not have ever completed an online assessment. Don't assume that they are familiar with how to complete an online assessment. Offer a sample or practice version of the type of assessment you plan to require to allow students the opportunity to become familiar with the technology. > For ease of access for students, consider keeping links to assessments with other instructional content for a given unit. Basically, create a folder for each unit and include in that folder all the information items, instructions, and links to the assessments so students easily find them. > While course content changes over time, you may be able to reuse some of the types of assessments you use among courses. For example, a pre-course survey might be able to be reused in multiple Blackboard courses. Whenever possible, look to reuse created assessments by either copying and exporting/importing from one Blackboard course to another. > Studies have shown that among the most valued elements of any course are the interactions that students have with the faculty member. Providing meaningful feedback to online assessments is a great way to foster teaching presence in an online course. > When developing online assessments in Blackboard, it is important to consider the security of the exam and to make every effort to remove opportunities for students to cheat. While there are a few[| tips for making it more difficult to cheat], the current version of Blackboard does not inherently prevent students from printing the questions of an exam or copying and pasting the questions to word processing application for printing.
 * 1) **Avoid high-stakes objective assessments online**
 * 1) **Have students complete a practice version of any required online assessment to become familiar with the technology**
 * 1) **Deploy assessment link(s) in the same folder as unit content**
 * 1) **Reuse and re-purpose assessment types once configured in Blackboard**
 * 1) **Provide meaningful feedback to students**
 * 1) **Remember there is no guaranteed approach to prevent cheating online**

Surveys
A survey within Blackboard is a non-graded assessment tool that records answers anonymously. Blackboard will record when the survey is taken but will not associate answers with an individual user; no individual feedback can be provided for a survey. > The survey tool is a simple way to gather feedback from students at the beginning, middle, or end of the course. Also, if introducing a new pedagogical approach or tool, consider conducting a survey of students to gain their perspective on overall effectiveness. > Surveys can be especially useful to gain authentic feedback from students, especially if they are reassured that their feedback is anonymous. Remind students that you can't see their individual responses, just a confirmation of whether or not they completed the survey. > For large surveys, they can be more manageable for students if displayed 1 question at a time rather than all at once. > While there currently is no easy way to automatically display aggregate results from a survey to students, the results that you see as an instructor can be copied/pasted into a Word document and then posted in Blackboard for students to view if desired.
 * 1) **Use the Survey tool in Blackboard whenever you want to gather aggregate responses from students**
 * 1) **Remind students that surveys are anonymous**
 * 1) **If survey is more than 5 questions, consider displaying 1 question at a time**
 * 1) **If desiring to share findings with students, copy/paste results into Word to post in Blackboard**

Tests/Quizzes
The Tests tool in Blackboard is the tool to use for automatically graded assessments. Scores are automatically added to the Blackboard Grade Center. Faculty have several options for creating tests, including typing into the question-by-question format provided by Blackboard, copying and pasting questions into the Blackboard format (which allows one to work offline and take advantage of the word processor's spell check), and [|uploading questions] in a pre-established format. The term "test" is used in Blackboard to refer to any graded assessment (formative or summative) consisting of more than one question.

> When transferring existing assessment questions from Microsoft Word to Blackboard, consider using [|College of Southern Idaho's Blackboard Quiz Generator]. This tool was developed to help you create quizzes for Blackboard. It allows you to type up the quiz offline in a program like Word or Notepad and not have to go through the trouble of making long quizzes via the Blackboard web interface. Simply follow the [|documentation provided for formatting existing questions] and then copy/paste into the generator's text box. Simply type or paste your quiz in the text area and click the Create Quiz button. This will produce a zip file that you can import into the Pool Manager in Blackboard. > Creating question pools in Blackboard of questions provides added options for question reuse as well as the ability to export questions for reuse or repurpose in other courses. > Some publishers now offer electronic pools of questions organized by textbook chapter that are pre-formatted for Blackboard. > To further deter cheating, create online tests that pull questions at random from question pools. This not only further individualizes each student's assessment, but also makes it very easy to expand the possible questions included in future assessments. Faculty can simply add more questions to the question pools to in effect expand the possible questions to be included in the test(s) built from them. > Creating a test in Blackboard is essentially a 2-step process: 1) Build the test; 2) Deploy the test. After deploying the test, be sure to modify the test options to match the desired assessment experience. (e.g. timed test; 1 attempt, customized feedback) > Among the many test options, choosing to randomize the questions will ensure that each student will be presented with the quiz questions in a random order.
 * 1) **Format questions in MS Word and import using CSI's Blackboard Quiz Generator**
 * 1) **Add test questions to pools for easy reuse and expansion**
 * 1) **Check with your textbook publisher to see if they offer question pools for your textbook**
 * 1) **Create tests from random blocks of question pools whenever possible**
 * 1) **Pay attention to test options when deploying**
 * 1) **Randomize questions**

Discussions
> Asynchronous discussion online via the Blackboard Discussion Board is a very well established approach to assessing student learning online. Be very clear to students at the beginning of the course what the expectations are for the online discussion and how their contributions will be assessed. > [|Blackboard's discussion grading capabilities] allows for easy collection of student contributions to a forum and for assigning a score for student posts. When enabling discussion grading, select the option to grade by forum as Blackboard will then only add a single column to the grade center for the forum rather than columns for each thread. It is highly advised to avoid grading by thread unless for a very specific discussion where students can only reply to instructor-created threads. > The discussion grading in Blackboard 8 only allows for faculty to add grade with a score but not enter any comments. However, after entering the scores for contributions, comments can be added to the scores at the corresponding column in the Grade Center.
 * 1) **Provide clear expectations for how discussions will be assessed**
 * 1) **Use Blackboard discussion grader; grade by forum, not thread**
 * 1) **After entering scores for contributions, enter comments directly in the Grade Center**

Assignments
> The Assignment Manager in Blackboard enables users with the role of Faculty or TA in Blackboard to create Assignments in any content areas and post them for Students to complete. Creating an assignment automatically creates an item in the Grade Center that holds all the submitted student assignments. > When creating an assignment, attach to the assignment any instruction or template files students are to use in completing the assignment. Doing so, students won't need to search other content areas within the course to find the needed files. > [|Details for viewing and downloading all submitted assignments are available here]. > There are two approaches to providing feedback to submitted assignments within Blackboard: 1) Enter feedback in the comments box back to the student for the given assignment; 2) Attach a revised version of the file submitted by the student that includes comments directly in the file. Consider what format of feedback would be most helpful to your students as well as be most efficient for you to provide. Many faculty find that entering feedback directly in submitted files, either using simply a different color of text or an advanced commenting feature such as the Track Changes option is MS Word is the most efficient approach to providing detailed feedback. > It may not be obvious to students that feedback is available in the attached file(s) that have been returned back to them. Simply enter in the comments box back to the student that the attached file contains feedback.
 * 1) **Use the Assignment Manager in Blackboard instead of the Digital Drop Box for collecting student work electronically**
 * 1) **If desiring specific formatting, provide template with assignment instructions**
 * 1) **Download submitted assignments for offline viewing/grading**
 * 1) **Enter feedback electronically in submitted files & return to the students via the Blackboard Assignment**
 * 1) **If attaching feedback to assignment, remind students to view attached file(s)**

SafeAssignments
[|SafeAssign] is a free plagiarism prevention tool that allows for you to protect the originality of work and ensure a fair playing ground for all your students. SafeAssign is integrated with Blackboard and prevents plagiarism by detecting unoriginal content in students papers within your existing teaching and learning environment. SafeAssign can also further deter plagiarism by creating opportunities to educate students on proper attribution and citations while properly leveraging the wealth of information at their disposal.

> For any original writing assignments, consider using SafeAssign instead of the Assignment tool. [|Complete details are available here]. > As the faculty member, you can choose to require the use SafeAssign in your course. Consider including a statement in your syllabus in accordance with your institution's academic integrity policy notifying students that their written work will be checked for plagiarism. > Draft versions of SafeAssignments are created in nearly the exact same way as regular SafeAssignments are. Faculty can choose to set up SafeAssignments as drafts, allowing students to submit papers without storing them to the institutional document archive. //Otherwise, if students were to submit the paper again, it would have a 100% match against itself.// > It's helpful to remind students of the benefits to using SafeAssign by ensuring that they are able to view a copy of the originality report that SafeAssign generates for their submitted assignment. They'll be able to see the same originality report as the faculty member should there be any issue.
 * 1) **Use SafeAssign for substantial written assignments**
 * 1) **Inform students in the syllabus of the requirement to use SafeAssign**
 * 1) **Create draft version for students to submit to first to self-check their work**
 * 1) **Make originality reports viewable by students**

Contributors
If you've shared a tip above, please add your name, institution, and email address to the list below so that we can publicly acknowledge your contribution. Thank you for sharing your tips!
 * Jason Rhode, Northern Illinois University, jrhode@niu.edu